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| 1900 |
| | | Giacomo Puccini's Tosca brings in the new century with a January premiere in Rome | |
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| 1900 |
| | | Humbert I, the king of Italy, is assassinated by an Italian-American anarchist, Gaetano Bresci | |
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| 1901 |
| | | Vast crowds line the streets for the Milan funeral of a national hero, the 87-year-old composer Giuseppe Verdi | |
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| 1902 |
| | | The tenor Enrico Caruso cuts his first phonograph records in Milan, beginning an immensely successful recording career | |
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| 1903 |
| | | Giuseppe Sarto is elected pope and takes the name Pius X | |
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| 1904 |
| | | Giacomo Puccini's opera Madama Butterfly falls victim at La Scala to claques paid for by rivals | |
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| 1906 |
| | | The Simplon rail tunnel, the longest in the world (20 km), is opened between Switzerland and Italy | |
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| 1907 |
| | | Maria Montessori establishes her first Casa dei Bambini in the deprived San Lorenzo district of Rome | |
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| 1908 |
| | | Ezra Pound's first book of poems, A Lume Spento, is published in Italy | |
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| 1908 |
| | | Europe's worst earthquake, centred on the Strait of Messina, kills up to 200,000 people in Sicily and southern Italy. | |
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